On the Role of Insula in Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease with limited treatment options and a high recurrence rate. Neuromodulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation, hold great therapeutic promise in the treatment of drug addiction. The insula is a key brain region in drug addiction, and its value as a neuromodulatory target in drug addiction needs further exploration. This article presents preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of the insula in drug addiction and explores its promise as a target for the treatment of drug addiction

Quantifying model uncertainty using measurement uncertainty standards

Model uncertainty quantification is mainly concerned with the problem of determining whether the observed data is consistent with the model prediction. In real world, there is always a disagreement between a simulation model prediction and the reality that the model intends to represent. Our increased dependence on computer models emphasizes on model uncertainty which is present due to uncertainties in model parameters, lack of appropriate knowledge, assumptions and simplification of processes. In addition, when models predict multi-variate data, the experimental observation and model predictions are highly correlated. Thus, quantifying the uncertainty has a basic requirement of comparison between observation and prediction. The comparison is costly on the observation side and computationally intensive on the other. The alternative approach presented in this thesis for model uncertainty quatification [sic] addresses the aforementioned problems. With the new methodology, the experiments performed according to measurement uncertainty standards will provide the experimental results in terms of expanded uncertainty. Thus, the experimental results for both model input and output will be expressed as intervals. Furthermore, interval predictions are procured from the simulation model by using the experimental results of input intervals only. The model uncertainty will then be quantified by the difference between experimental result for output interval and model prediction interval. The new methodology is easy to implement as the standards of measurement uncertainty are used which serve as a common framework for model builders and experimenters --Abstract, page ii

Study of Nutritive value and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of the leaf extract of Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Roth, a lesser known medicinal plant

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritive value and phytochemical constituents in the leaf extract of Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Roth which is traditionally used as medicinal plant. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out and concluded the presence of various phytochemicals. Biochemical estimation of total carbohydrate, protein, free amino acid, lipid, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, crude fibre, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were performed by standard procedures. The nutritive value (K cal/100 gm) was found to be 90.6 K cal/100g. Phytochemical studies indicated that the leaf contain a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites and presence of these medicinally important bioactive compounds justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different disease

Ležaj sa stisnutim slojem ferofluida, uz anisotropnu permeabilnost, parametar klizne brzine materijala i tromost vrtnje

We present a theoretical study of the effect of anisotropic permeability and slip velocity on the action of the squeeze film formed when a secant-shaped circular upper plate with a porous facing approaches an impermeable and flat circular lower plate, considering also rotation of the plates. Expressions for the dimensionless pressure, load capacity and the response time are given by a differential equation. Computed values of dimensionless load capacity and response time are displayed in tabular form. It has been found that they decrease with increasing values of radial permeability, slip parameter and rotational inertia. However, they increase with increasing values of axial permeability and material constant of the Jenkins model. They have also been found to increase when the speed of the lower plate is higher than that of the upper plate.Opisujemo teoriju djelovanja anizotropne permeabilnosti i brzine klizanja na učinak stisnutog sloja koji nastaje kada se gornja ploča sekantnog oblika s poroznom površinom nasloni na nepropusnu i ravnu kružnu donju ploču. Bezdimenzijski tlak, nosivost i vrijeme odziva izražavamo diferencijalnom jednadžbom. Izračunate vrijednosti za nosivost i vrijeme odziva prikazujemo u tablicama. Nalazi se da one opadaju pri porastu radijalne permeabilnosti, parametra klizanja i momenta tromosti. Međutim, one se povećavaju pri porastu aksijalne permeabilnosti i konstante materijala prema Jenkinsovom modelu. Također nalazimo da rastu kada je brzina gornje veća od brzine donje ploče

Ležaj sa stisnutim slojem ferofluida, uz anisotropnu permeabilnost, parametar klizne brzine materijala i tromost vrtnje

We present a theoretical study of the effect of anisotropic permeability and slip velocity on the action of the squeeze film formed when a secant-shaped circular upper plate with a porous facing approaches an impermeable and flat circular lower plate, considering also rotation of the plates. Expressions for the dimensionless pressure, load capacity and the response time are given by a differential equation. Computed values of dimensionless load capacity and response time are displayed in tabular form. It has been found that they decrease with increasing values of radial permeability, slip parameter and rotational inertia. However, they increase with increasing values of axial permeability and material constant of the Jenkins model. They have also been found to increase when the speed of the lower plate is higher than that of the upper plate.Opisujemo teoriju djelovanja anizotropne permeabilnosti i brzine klizanja na učinak stisnutog sloja koji nastaje kada se gornja ploča sekantnog oblika s poroznom površinom nasloni na nepropusnu i ravnu kružnu donju ploču. Bezdimenzijski tlak, nosivost i vrijeme odziva izražavamo diferencijalnom jednadžbom. Izračunate vrijednosti za nosivost i vrijeme odziva prikazujemo u tablicama. Nalazi se da one opadaju pri porastu radijalne permeabilnosti, parametra klizanja i momenta tromosti. Međutim, one se povećavaju pri porastu aksijalne permeabilnosti i konstante materijala prema Jenkinsovom modelu. Također nalazimo da rastu kada je brzina gornje veća od brzine donje ploče

Učinak brzine posmika u poroznom ležaju s klizačem u obliku sekante i s ferofluidnim mazivom

We analysed a bearing with a secant shaped slider and with the stator having a porous facing backed by a solid wall, using a magnetic fluid lubricant flowing as per Jenkins model. Computed values of the bearing characteristics are displayed in tabular form. The load capacity, friction on the slider and the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing values of the slip parameter. The load capacity decreased and friction as well as the coefficient of friction increased with increasing values of the material parameter. However, the position of the centre of pressure did not significantly alter owing to the changes in slip parameter. But it slowly shifted towards the inlet when the material parameter increased.Analiziramo ležaj s klizačem u obliku sekante u kojemu je stator porozan s čvrstom podlogom, a rabi magnetsko tekuće mazivo koje teče prema Jenkinsovom modelu. Izračunate vrijednosti značajki ležaja prikazuju se u tablicama. Nosivost, trenje klizača i koeficijent trenja smanjuju se pri povećanju parametra posmicanja, a nosivost i trenje smanjuju se pri povećanju parametra materijala. Položaj središta tlaka ne mijenja se bitno zbog promjena parametra posmicanja, ali se pomalo pomiče prema ulazu pri povećanju parametra materijala

Učinak brzine posmika u poroznom ležaju s klizačem u obliku sekante i s ferofluidnim mazivom

We analysed a bearing with a secant shaped slider and with the stator having a porous facing backed by a solid wall, using a magnetic fluid lubricant flowing as per Jenkins model. Computed values of the bearing characteristics are displayed in tabular form. The load capacity, friction on the slider and the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing values of the slip parameter. The load capacity decreased and friction as well as the coefficient of friction increased with increasing values of the material parameter. However, the position of the centre of pressure did not significantly alter owing to the changes in slip parameter. But it slowly shifted towards the inlet when the material parameter increased.Analiziramo ležaj s klizačem u obliku sekante u kojemu je stator porozan s čvrstom podlogom, a rabi magnetsko tekuće mazivo koje teče prema Jenkinsovom modelu. Izračunate vrijednosti značajki ležaja prikazuju se u tablicama. Nosivost, trenje klizača i koeficijent trenja smanjuju se pri povećanju parametra posmicanja, a nosivost i trenje smanjuju se pri povećanju parametra materijala. Položaj središta tlaka ne mijenja se bitno zbog promjena parametra posmicanja, ali se pomalo pomiče prema ulazu pri povećanju parametra materijala

Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology,Properties, Performance and Testing – 2nd Edition

THIS PUBLICATION, Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance, and Testing, 2nd Edition, was sponsored by ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Fuels and Lubricants and edited by George E. Totten (G. E. Totten & Associates, LLC, Seattle, WA). The section editors were Rajesh J. Shah (Koehler Instrument Company, Holtsville, NY) and David R. Forester (Fuel Quality Services, Inc., Flowery Branch, GA). This publication is Manual 37: 2ND of ASTM’s manual series